I think the biggest fundamental concept for any computer regardless of operating system is filesystem hierarchy. The concept of nested folders is core to using a personal computer, but for the last two decades UI/X teams have done everything in their power to obscure and abstract it away. Many younger people conceptualize the storage on their device as just an amorphous blob that apps manage autonomously. Windows is starting to go this way as well with OneDrive being sold as the way to manage all your data, but on Linux the file system is still king.

Your mom is presumably old enough to have some experience with desktop PCs, so hopefully that basic hurdle is already cleared. And honestly once someone is at that level of base competence, along with basic interface concepts like how to use a mouse and keyboard, clicking on icons, use of a web browser etc, with the right distro you really don’t need to explain much else. There might be a few quirks of the UI to explain depending on what you choose, but most of that can be handled by just watching them use the computer for a bit, and/or asking them to give you a list of questions and annoyances after they use it for a few days.

The biggest difference is one that most “I just want it to work” users will actually love, and that’s relearning how to install software. Having one central location to install verified software from is a change from the wild west of downloading installers from the internet, but it shouldn’t be a difficult transition. Most people these days don’t even install software beyond maybe Zoom, so you can probably get away with just installing any third party software they need in the initial setup.

I recommend an immutable distro like Fedora Silverblue, at least if a) you’re setting it up and are reasonably technical, and b) you don’t want to go over and help them fix stuff often. I set my mom’s laptop up with it 4+ years ago and she’s only had one problem since then.

Is it non-trivial to enable non-free repos?

Well anecdotally many of us have the opposite experience so I guess sucks to be you?

What might have happened: if you select a global compatibility tool (proton) in the steam settings, it will just that for all non-native games. But any games that ship a Linux binary will still use that instead of Proton. This is generally good, but some devs ship a Linux binary that’s actually not as good as the Windows one. I’ve seen some games not update the Linux binary until much later than the Windows one, so the Linux one is out of date, and for some games it’s just flat-out broken. In these cases you can manually select a Proton version for that game, which will force it to run the Windows binary.

You seem to be reaching for pretty advanced solutions – Docker and HA both require you to read a lot of documentation to get started. Bottles is also a powerful and flexible tool, which is the opposite of simple.

What game are you trying to run? If it’s on Steam it should be a no-brainer, otherwise Lutris can simplify a lot of things.

I doubt you actually need Docker for anything, unless you have a specific use case I would just abandon that. For your lights, I would try searching for “home assistant [model/brand of lights]” and see if you can find a setup that someone else has gotten working that you can mostly copy.

You should only feel bad about pirating art made by small independent artists, and even then only if you don’t have the disposable income to easily afford it.

Piracy is an actually victimless crime, you aren’t depriving anyone of anything except your hypothetical dollars. And that’s only a loss if you were going to spend them in the first place. Then add the fact that selling digital goods at all is basically a massive scam…

Also, in many cases it’s actually better for the artist to donate directly to them than to buy their products from a store that’s probably taking a cut.

The vast majority of dotfiles can be split into multiple documents. If you want to share but also put sensitive/personal information in some of them, just part the personal bits out into separate documents and maybe give them all an easy to filter suffix/prefix. Then just only publicly share the other files.

If you don’t plan to expand the swap partition, I would recommend just deleting the swap partition – you could either make it a new ext4 and use LVM to combine it with the shared storage, or if you’re going to combine your EFI partitions you could grow your Mint partition to include both the SUSE EFI and the swap partition – and using a swap file instead, as another commenter mentioned. You honestly really don’t need swap space regardless with 16gb of RAM if you’re really just using this to run a web browser, but you can easily set up a swap file if you want one.

Tax software is basically all in browser at this point.

Is there any reason? You’re effectively wasting half the drive by using that space for OSes you almost never use.

If you ever happen to need Windows, which I don’t see happening as you yourself can’t imagine an actual use case, you can just go to the library or borrow a friend’s computer or maybe use your phone.

As for Mint, do you just have it to experiment with? If you’re just trying to try out other distros, a virtual machine or even live USBs are much easier ways to quickly try out new systems without having to clear actual partitions.

If you had much more storage then sure, waste some of it, but you’re really gonna be missing that 120gb if you use your computer for… basically anything.

The order of the partitions basically doesn’t matter at this point – I think having a boot partition first used to be important for MBR schemes but I’m pretty sure in the UEFI era you can have them in whatever order. As others have mentioned, you could combine your EFI partitions, but doing so to an already installed system is slightly complex. You also could shrink some of your EFI and boot partitions, I’m not sure of the recommended sizes off the top of my head but I think they could be smaller. On the other hand, your swap partition should probably be bigger – making it the same size as your RAM is a good rule of thumb and will enable hibernation (I think).

Oh it almost certainly won’t save you time unless you already know Nix and how the ecosystem works. But it does make rolling back to previous configurations basically effortless, which seems like it would obviate your need for a full staging drive.

Sounds like you could benefit from NixOS ;)

Note: the growing the partition from a live USB thing is only necessary if you want it all to be one partition. If it’s a separate drive, or even if it’s not, you can just format the old Windows partition/drive and mount it as a new storage volume.

I have dailied Arch and Debian unstable and they both took about as much effort. Arch is really not that complex, it just gives you access to some potential footguns. Also, Arch absolutely makes it clear that it’s a more advanced distro – that’s the entire reason for the meme, although these days it’s a lot simpler thanks mostly to the installers.

Having dailied both as well, I only agree once you’re over the very significant learning curve. And even then, I’d say initial setup is pretty similar, if not a bit easier on Arch.

Arch and NixOS are kind of like C and Rust. Arch/C give you the power and flexibility to do pretty much whatever you want, but also will let you do it in very stupid ways that will come back to bite you. NixOS and Rust give you the same amount of power, but with a higher barrier to entry that ensures you have a pretty good idea of what you’re doing, which results in a much more stable experience.

As long as they’re not for the core Fedora projects why not? Bugs for those should be scarce and there are many other users to report them anyway.

Using and contributing to FOSS is hardly scabbing regardless. Unless you’re donating to the project I wouldn’t consider even bug reporting as directly supporting IBM. The tangible profit to them is pennies if that.

What’s your point of comparison, Ubuntu LTS? Arch does not require nearly as much upkeep or attention as you’re claiming. Try setting up a Gentoo or NixOS system, or better yet just do Linux From Scratch, and come back to us.

Gentoo certainly teaches you a lot, but I would never recommend it to an average user. If you want to get any benefit from use flags for any packages, you will be compiling them from scratch and possibly their dependencies as well. Small packages are pretty fast, sure, but if you try to do something like compile Firefox, you could be waiting all day for that if you don’t have a Threadripper or similar.

Practically, unless you run exotic hardware you’re unlikely to get any actual tangible benefits from tweaking most use flags on most packages. Which begs the question of why you’re using such a low-level distro in the first place…

Idk maybe I just didn’t get it, but my month of running Gentoo was mostly just annoying. Again, great learning experience, but didn’t make sense to me as a daily driver. It feels like it’s for people who want to pore over the detailed patch notes for every package on their system, which is clearly not OP.

NixOS gives me enough control over how individual packages are configured if I really want it, but in a way that stays entirely out of my way until I specifically want to fiddle. I’m not saying NixOS is any better for a new user, but as a pretty experienced one I found it more rewarding once I understood the ecosystem.

Turn off telemetry?

Idk man, Void is cool but I wouldn’t recommend it to anyone unless they had a strong philosophical aversion to systemd, or wanted to try a musl-only system, and wanting a degree of “it just works” is kind of the opposite end of the spectrum.